2024 T tess domain 4 examples

Distinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus.. Outten and golden llp

The Impact Coaching Training is a new, optional 2-day companion training for T-TESS and T-PESS Appraiser preparation. The training focuses on helping Appraisers learn specialized coaching skills, tools, and competencies to utilize in the T-TESS and T-PESS observation cycles. Domain 4 - Professional Practices and Responsibilities‎ > ‎ 4.1 Professional Demeanor and Ethics Professional Demeanor and Ethics (Dimension 4.1) The teacher meets district expectations for attendance, professional appearance, decorum, procedural, ethical, legal and statutory responsibilities. annually on Domain IV of T-TESS All teachers not meeting the criteria for a “Full T-TESS Observation and Evaluation” are eligible for a biennial, less-than-annual formal observation All teachers will be evaluated annually on Domain IV of T-TESS Domain IV-only teachers may waive the 45 minute observationDistinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus. T‐TESS Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS to Develop an Ini al GSPD Plan Recommended for Formal Observa ons Required for the First 45‐Minute Formal Observa on Recommended for Oth‐ er Observa ons Required for All Teachers New to T‐TESS Teacher’s Second Year and Beyond with T‐TESS (Only Required About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... Contact Info. Four Capitol Mall Little Rock, AR 72201 Map & Directions. Hours: 8am - 4:30pm M-F Phone: 501-682-4475 articulated in Domain 4. End-of-Year Conference (Domain 4 Aspect) This EOY Conference provides an opportunity for the appraiser and the teacher to summarize the year, to collect information that will provide evidence to score Domain 4 of the T- TESS Rubric, and to discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan.Donna ISD / Homepage2.3 . The text message voting with post-it notes as a nontech backup - allowed for all students to communicate with the teacher at the beginning of class.Here is an editable T - TESS Domain IV template of Evidence and Artifact Submission to be used by Teachers to submit to their Administrators. It will aid, both Teachers and Administrators in documenting all the evidence that Teachers may be required to submit for the T - TESS End of Year Summative/Teacher Evaluation. from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance levelat which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another level.cdn.ymaws.comcdn.ymaws.com May 5, 2021 · Dimension 1.4 or 2.4 are easy to implement. Teacher goal for teachers can mask significant gains the current study team used as examples. Source: issuu.com. Your goals for ability challenging repertoire development as they relate among the timing of your observation. Dimension 1.4 or 2.4 are easy to implement. 6th grade math ipg lesson plan. Activities Dimension 1.4 The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher –order thinking, persistence and achievement. T-TESS DOMAINS place photo here. The teacher supports all learne INSTRUCTION Domain Content Knowledge and Expertise Achieving Expectations Dimension 2.1 rs in their pursuit of high Components of T-TESS . With the inclusion of student growth, T -TESS is composed of two different measures – the rubric and student growth – that determine where a teacher is in his or her practice for the purposes of pinpointing areas of reinforcement and refinement. Evidence to determine where a teacher is on those measuresDistinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus.The premium Pro 50 GB plan gives you the option to download a copy of your binder to your local machine.Learn MoreJul 2, 2017 · There is text on most of the pages that will help guide you in the kinds of things that should be included in each dimension within the 4 domains of T-TESS. Use them as dividers for each section and add your evidence as you wish. Included: 5 different binder covers Planing Domain & Dimensions 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 Instruction Domain & Dimension 2.1-2.5 4. PERIODICALLY follow up to discuss how you are doing/progressing and if any goal changing is needed. Review/Check for prior knowledge *Direct instruction *Guided practice *Independent practice *Oral drill and practice Provide information (in a variety of forms) Model desired skills and outcomes Provide examples to help transfer learningExamples of Observation Evidence ... review Domains 2 & 3. Instruction. ... T-TESS Part 4. Objectives: The teachers will:Charlene Tess. In this sentence-combining creative writing activity bundle, students will read examples of how to combine a cluster of sentences, practice combining sentences, and then write a descriptive paragraph or two as a creative writing exercise.You will save 20% by buying all 4 resources at the same time. Examples of Observation Evidence ... review Domains 2 & 3. Instruction. ... T-TESS Part 4. Objectives: The teachers will:Activities (Dimension 1.4) • The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher –order thinking, persistence and achievement. INSTRUCTION (Domain 2) Achieving Expectations(Dimension 2.1) • The teacher supports all learners in their pursuit of high levels of academic and social-emotional success. Fort Worth ISD T-TESS Procedures Manual 2019-2020 . Updated 9/18/2019 7 . T-TESS APPRAISAL PROCESS . FORM A Teacher Request for Appeal of T-TESS Observation Outcomes with First Appraiser . FORM B Teacher Appeal of T-TESS Observation Outcomes/Request for Second Appraiser . FORM C Agreement for Pre -Observation, Observation, and Post-ObservationT-TESS DIMENSION: 4.4. Professional Practices and Responsibilities: School Community Involvement. The teacher demonstrates leadership with students, colleagues, and community members in the school, district, and community through effective communication and outreach. As a teacher, establishing an effective means of communication between myself ...Prior to each observation, the T-TESS appraiser will conduct a pre-conference meeting with the teacher to ask background questions about the lesson plan, the learning outcomes and the students in the class in order to provide context. It is also appropriate for the appraiser to share expectations in T-TESS Domains 2 and 3 and assist teachers Domain & Component Sources of Evidence Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities Observations of Teaching Artifacts 4a: Reflecting on Teaching 4b: Maintaining Accurate Records • Instructional and non-instructional records, for example: • Record for field trip permissions • Anecdotal notes for student participation Charlene Tess. In this sentence-combining creative writing activity bundle, students will read examples of how to combine a cluster of sentences, practice combining sentences, and then write a descriptive paragraph or two as a creative writing exercise.You will save 20% by buying all 4 resources at the same time.from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ...from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance levelat which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another level. T-TESS (Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System) is a teacher evaluation and development system designed to support teachers in their professional growth. The T-TESS goals are individualized for each teacher and may vary based on their specific needs and focus areas. Here are a few examples of T-TESS goals: 1.T-TESS DIMENSION: 4.4. Professional Practices and Responsibilities: School Community Involvement. The teacher demonstrates leadership with students, colleagues, and community members in the school, district, and community through effective communication and outreach. As a teacher, establishing an effective means of communication between myself ...T-TESS (Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System) is a teacher evaluation and development system designed to support teachers in their professional growth. The T-TESS goals are individualized for each teacher and may vary based on their specific needs and focus areas. Here are a few examples of T-TESS goals: 1. • the teacher has never been appraised under the T-TESS; or • district policy regarding teacher appraisal has changed since the last time the teacher was provided a T-TESS orientation . New teachers must receive T-TESS training within three (3) weeks of their start date. T-TESS orientation may include online materials in addition to a face ... Dimension 4.3: Professional Development Working on an English II PLC has created a cohesive structure to my student teaching. The professional community at Bowie HS is enhanced by team collaboration where students benefit as a result. The PLC constantly sets new expectations and there is a degree of improvement each six-weeks. Evidence and data for the planning domain and dimensions are collected over the course of the year during individual and team planning meetings, through the review of lesson plans and artifacts, with student data management systems, pre-conferences and other applicable means. Effective planning is T-TESS Observation Evidence Sheet High School AP Chemistry Domain: Instruction Dimension Evidence Rating Achieving Expectations 2.1 The lesson began with an ‘explore’ activity where students were expected to use the syringe and marshmallow to record changes in the shape and size of the marshmallow when placing their finger at The Professional Practices and Responsibilities Domain is rated after the end-of-year conference when theappraiser and teacher meet to finalize the annual appraisal process. Dimensions: Professional Demeanor and Ethics. Goal Setting. Professional Development. School Community Involvement. Part I: Data Analysis and Goal Setting• the teacher has never been appraised under the T-TESS; or • district policy regarding teacher appraisal has changed since the last time the teacher was provided a T-TESS orientation . New teachers must receive T-TESS training within three (3) weeks of their start date. T-TESS orientation may include online materials in addition to a face ...cdn.ymaws.com Dimension 4.3: Professional Development Working on an English II PLC has created a cohesive structure to my student teaching. The professional community at Bowie HS is enhanced by team collaboration where students benefit as a result. The PLC constantly sets new expectations and there is a degree of improvement each six-weeks. This product contains covers and dividers for different teacher evaluation content. Contents includes the following dividers/covers in 2 themes: - T.E.S.S-Teacher Evaluation -Domain 1 -Domain 2 -Domain 3 -Domain 4 -Artifacts -A list of sub-domains, with examples, and a place to document how you met that parti Activities (Dimension 1.4) • The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher –order thinking, persistence and achievement. INSTRUCTION (Domain 2) Achieving Expectations(Dimension 2.1) • The teacher supports all learners in their pursuit of high levels of academic and social-emotional success.Domain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluation Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric. • Celebrate accomplishments and acknowledge areas of growth. • Discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan. Unlike Domains 1-3, Domain 4 is not scored in summative form until teachers have been afforded the opportunity to present evidence related to the four dimensions during the EOY ...Clock Hours 27, CPE 27. 1758554. 10/11/2023. T-TESS in ECSE; What to Look for in a Self-Contained Classroom for Students Ages 3-5. Virtual PD. Clock Hours 2, CPE 2. 1790317. 10/25/2023. T-TESS: Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System. re le va n t a n d m e a nin g fu l le a rn in g - P os it ive ra pp ort a m o n g stu de nts Professional Practices and Responsibilities 4 . 1 : P r o f e s s i o n a l D e m e a n o r & E t h i c s 4 .2 : G o a l S e t tin g 4 .3 : P r o f e ss io n a l D e ve lo pm e n t 4 .4 : S ch o ol C o m m unit y I n vol ve m entJul 2, 2017 · There is text on most of the pages that will help guide you in the kinds of things that should be included in each dimension within the 4 domains of T-TESS. Use them as dividers for each section and add your evidence as you wish. Included: 5 different binder covers Planing Domain & Dimensions 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 Instruction Domain & Dimension 2.1-2.5 Continue T-tess domain 4.1 examples Created OnDecember 28, 2019Last Updated OnDecember 28, 2019 Print Effective planning begins with measurable and explicit learning outcomes aligned to the TEKS and other relevant standards for learning. Clock Hours 27, CPE 27. 1758554. 10/11/2023. T-TESS in ECSE; What to Look for in a Self-Contained Classroom for Students Ages 3-5. Virtual PD. Clock Hours 2, CPE 2. 1790317. 10/25/2023. T-TESS: Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System. Domain 1: Planning. Effective planning begins with measurable and explicit learning outcomes aligned to the TEKS and other relevant standards for learning. It is evident that the four planning dimensions are directly embedded in these questions to provoke rich discussions during team planning meetings and clarify the planning phase. DOMAIN 4 The teacher makes a thoughtful and accurate assessment of a lesson’s effectiveness and the extent to which it achieved its instructional outcomes, citing many specific examples from the lesson and weighing the relative strengths of each. Drawing on an extensive repertoire of skills, the teacher offers specific alternative actions,Distinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus.T-TESS Rubric 1. PLANNING DIMENSION 1.1. Standards and Alignment. The teacher designs clear, well-organized, sequential lessons that reflect best practice, align with standards and are appropriate for diverse learners. Standards Basis: 1A, 1B, 3A, 3B, 3C. Distinguished. STUDENT-CENTERED ACTIONS TEACHER-CENTERED ACTIONS. Instructional Planning ...• the teacher has never been appraised under the T-TESS; or • district policy regarding teacher appraisal has changed since the last time the teacher was provided a T-TESS orientation . New teachers must receive T-TESS training within three (3) weeks of their start date. T-TESS orientation may include online materials in addition to a face ...T-TESS is a continuous improvement evaluation system, focused on teacher growth and development. True, because teachers are expected to continually improve in their craft and practice. An effective teacher knows that they need strong understanding about which of the following as they plan their lessons. the students background, learning gaps ...T-TESS Observation Evidence Sheet High School AP Chemistry Domain: Instruction Dimension Evidence Rating Achieving Expectations 2.1 The lesson began with an ‘explore’ activity where students were expected to use the syringe and marshmallow to record changes in the shape and size of the marshmallow when placing their finger at The T-TESS rubric is internally consistent at both the domain and dimension levels. All correlations between domain ratings and all correlations between dimension ratings are positive, suggesting that none of the domains or dimensions stands out as unrelated or contradictory to the rest of the rubric. • The T-TESS rubric is eficient.1 - 2. Possible Artifacts for Domain 4:ProfessionalismIn regards to Domain 4, principals should look at documents that support the six elements. While PEDdoes not prescribe the articles of evidence in any of the domains, we do suggest a quality over quantityapproach. Many documents are already in place and readily applicable to multiple elements.Domain & Component Sources of Evidence Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities Observations of Teaching Artifacts 4a: Reflecting on Teaching 4b: Maintaining Accurate Records • Instructional and non-instructional records, for example: • Record for field trip permissions • Anecdotal notes for student participationFill out T Tess Observation Evidence Sheet Example in several clicks by simply following the instructions listed below: Find the template you want from our collection of legal forms. Select the Get form button to open the document and begin editing. Fill out all the necessary boxes (they are yellow-colored).evident in her ability to provide examples during the lesson and make connections between mathematical definitions and some real life concepts. (i.e., the shopping example, classifications with eye glasses, hair color, the architectural reference, etc.) The teacher uses a few subject specific instructional strategies to enhance student contentClock Hours 27, CPE 27. 1758554. 10/11/2023. T-TESS in ECSE; What to Look for in a Self-Contained Classroom for Students Ages 3-5. Virtual PD. Clock Hours 2, CPE 2. 1790317. 10/25/2023. T-TESS: Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System. 2.3 . The text message voting with post-it notes as a nontech backup - allowed for all students to communicate with the teacher at the beginning of class.Communication The teacher balances teacher directed and student directed communication. The teacher asked some procedural and clarifying questions throughout the lesson but seldom uses End-of-Year (EOY) Conferences should occur from mid-April through May, 2016 with all educators evaluated with the T-TESS system by May 16. This EOY Conference provides an opportunity for the appraiser and the teacher to summarize the year, to collect information that will provide evidence to score Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric, and to discuss ... Reinforcement (GLOW) Example Reinforcement area/dimension. Use specific language from the rubric. • Example: The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher order thinking, persistence and achievement. (Dimension 1.4 – Activities) Self-analysis question. Ask a specific question to prompt theDistinguished. Behaves in accordance with the Code of Ethics and Standard Practices for Texas Educators. Models all professional standards (e.g., attendance, professional appearance and behaviors) across the campus and district for educators and students. Advocates for the needs of all students in the classroom and campus.from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance level at which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another ...Dimension 1.4 or 2.4 are easy to implement. Teacher goal for teachers can mask significant gains the current study team used as examples. Source: issuu.com. Your goals for ability challenging repertoire development as they relate among the timing of your observation. Dimension 1.4 or 2.4 are easy to implement. 6th grade math ipg lesson plan.The T-TESS Rubric. The T-TESS Rubric includes 4 Domains and 16 Dimensions. T-TESS domain and dimension rubrics include specific descriptors of practices and 5 performance levels; Distinguished, Accomplished, Proficient, Developing, and Improvement Needed. T Teeaacchh err’’ ss ccllaassrr ooomm iiss ss aaffee,, anndd lleeaarrniinngg iiss aacccceesssiibbllee ttoo alll sttuuddenttss;; teacchheer uusses pphhyysiicaall rreessoouurrcess wweelll aanndd eenssuurres thhaatt tthhee aarrrraannggeemmeennt ooff ffuurrnniittuurree ssuuppppoorttss tthhee lleeaarrnniinngg accttiivviitieess.. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ... We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. from another supervisor, in addition to the teacher, to score this domain. Evidence for Scoring: Please remember that you are anchoring the scoring of Domain 4 in the T-TESS Rubric based on the evidence provided. “Proficient” is the performance levelat which initial consideration begins until evidence is substantiated to score at another level. T-TESS Observation Evidence Sheet High School AP Chemistry Domain: Instruction Dimension Evidence Rating Achieving Expectations 2.1 The lesson began with an ‘explore’ activity where students were expected to use the syringe and marshmallow to record changes in the shape and size of the marshmallow when placing their finger atT-TESS is the Texas recommended appraisal process designed to evaluate teachers and establish a system of support. During the spring of 2014, a steering committee finalized the development ofthis new evaluation system whichdirectly correlatesto the new Texas Teacher Standards outlined in Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 149.Clock Hours 27, CPE 27. 1758554. 10/11/2023. T-TESS in ECSE; What to Look for in a Self-Contained Classroom for Students Ages 3-5. Virtual PD. Clock Hours 2, CPE 2. 1790317. 10/25/2023. T-TESS: Texas Teacher Evaluation and Support System.Domain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluation These standards helped mold the domains for the rubric used in the new Texas Teacher Evaluation Support System. Rubric: The T-TESS rubric consists of four domains: Planning, Instruction, Learning Environment, and Professional Practices and Responsibilities. The rubric is a tool that should motivate discussions about intentional support for ... Domain 1: Planning. Dimension. Evidence. Rating. 1.1 Standards and Alignment. 1.2 Data and Assessments. 1.3 Knowledge of Students . ... T-TESS Observation Evidence SheetActivities Dimension 1.4 The teacher plans engaging, flexible lessons that encourage higher –order thinking, persistence and achievement. T-TESS DOMAINS place photo here. The teacher supports all learne INSTRUCTION Domain Content Knowledge and Expertise Achieving Expectations Dimension 2.1 rs in their pursuit of highDonna ISD / Homepage 4a: Reflecting on Teaching Aligned to T-TESS indicator 4.2 4b: Maintaining Accurate Records No link to T-TESS 4c: Communicating with Families Aligned to T-TESS indicator 4.4 4d: Participating in the Professional Community. Aligned to T-TESS indicator 4.3 4e: Growing and Developing Professionally Aligned to T-TESS indicator 4.3 This product contains covers and dividers for different teacher evaluation content. Contents includes the following dividers/covers in 2 themes: - T.E.S.S-Teacher Evaluation -Domain 1 -Domain 2 -Domain 3 -Domain 4 -Artifacts -A list of sub-domains, with examples, and a place to document how you met that parti A great deal of time was spent on reviewing the words at the beginning of the lesson (30.13 minutes). It was unclear whether that was necessary due to the students having difficulty with theDomain 4: PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 4a Reflecting on teaching • Accurate based on instructional outcomes • Specific examples from lesson Weighs lesson strengths •Offers viable alternatives for improvement 4b Managing Relevant Gifted and Talented Program Documentation and Evaluation

Components of T-TESS . With the inclusion of student growth, T -TESS is composed of two different measures – the rubric and student growth – that determine where a teacher is in his or her practice for the purposes of pinpointing areas of reinforcement and refinement. Evidence to determine where a teacher is on those measures. How much is a gas at sampercent27s club

Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric. • Celebrate accomplishments and acknowledge areas of growth. • Discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan. Unlike Domains 1-3, Domain 4 is not scored in summative form until teachers have been afforded the opportunity to present evidence related to the four dimensions during the EOY ... 3. Read the first Domain carefully. 4. For each indicator, begin with the “Developing” performance descriptors and move left towards the “Distinguished” column. The performance demands and essential actions grow increasingly complex as you move to the left of the rubric. 5.Evidence and data for the planning domain and dimensions are collected over the course of the year during individual and team planning meetings, through the review of lesson plans and artifacts, with student data management systems, pre-conferences and other applicable means. Effective planning is Domain 4 of the T-TESS Rubric. • Celebrate accomplishments and acknowledge areas of growth. • Discuss next year’s goal(s) and professional development plan. Unlike Domains 1-3, Domain 4 is not scored in summative form until teachers have been afforded the opportunity to present evidence related to the four dimensions during the EOY ...T-TESS Observation Evidence Sheet High School AP Chemistry Domain: Instruction Dimension Evidence Rating Achieving Expectations 2.1 The lesson began with an ‘explore’ activity where students were expected to use the syringe and marshmallow to record changes in the shape and size of the marshmallow when placing their finger atThese standards helped mold the domains for the rubric used in the new Texas Teacher Evaluation Support System. Rubric: The T-TESS rubric consists of four domains: Planning, Instruction, Learning Environment, and Professional Practices and Responsibilities. The rubric is a tool that should motivate discussions about intentional support for ... This product contains covers and dividers for different teacher evaluation content. Contents includes the following dividers/covers in 2 themes: - T.E.S.S-Teacher Evaluation -Domain 1 -Domain 2 -Domain 3 -Domain 4 -Artifacts -A list of sub-domains, with examples, and a place to document how you met that parti Fill out T Tess Observation Evidence Sheet Example in several clicks by simply following the instructions listed below: Find the template you want from our collection of legal forms. Select the Get form button to open the document and begin editing. Fill out all the necessary boxes (they are yellow-colored). Dimension 4.2: Goal Setting Professional goals set for the year Evidence of goal completion Student work showing improvement based on goal Student growth and/or achievement data Examples of teacher self-reflection Documentation of implemented changes made based on constructive feedback from conferences and observationsWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Domain 1: Planning. Dimension. Evidence. Rating. 1.1 Standards and Alignment. 1.2 Data and Assessments. 1.3 Knowledge of Students . ... T-TESS Observation Evidence Sheet Evidence and data for the planning domain and dimensions are collected over the course of the year during individual and team planning meetings, through the review of lesson plans and artifacts, with student data management systems, pre-conferences and other applicable means. Effective planning is.

Popular Topics